tapioca, a preparation of cassava root starch used as a food, in bread or as a thickening agent in liquid foods, notably puddings but also soups and juicy pies.

In processing, heat ruptures the starch grains, converting them to small irregular masses that are further baked into flake tapioca. A pellet form, known as pearl tapioca, is made by forcing the moist starch through sieves. Granulated tapioca, marketed in various-sized grains and sometimes called “manioca,” is produced by grinding flake tapioca. When cooked, tapioca swells into a pale, translucent jelly.

Sago is a type of starch that's commonly extracted from a palm called Metroxylon sagu. It's mainly composed of carbs and is low in protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, sago is naturally grain- and gluten-free, making it suitable for those following restricted diets.

Rice that has been parboiled and then rolled, flattened, and dried to produce flakes. The flakes come in different thicknesses depending on the pressure used in the flattening process. The flakes are able to absorb a large volume of liquid when used in various dishes, so they absorb flavors well. They are very popular in Asian cooking, but in Western countries they are more often used commercially in the production of cereals and rice snacks. Rice flakes are found in many Asian markets and specialty shops.

A yellow coloured lentil flat on one side, oblong in shape, used widely in Indian cooking. Pigeon pea is commonly known as arhar dal or split toor (tuvar) dal. It has its origins in the Eastern part of peninsular India. It is both a food crop and a cover crop.

Seed of betel palm; chewed with leaves of the betel pepper and lime as a digestive stimulant and mouth fresher in southeastern Asia.

Many cuisines use basil as an herb to flavor dishes. Not only does basil have a unique flavor but it also is a great source of nutrition. The seeds of basil plants are also edible. People in India and Southeast Asia often mix them in desserts and drinks, and basil seeds are becoming more commonly used in other parts of the world as well.

Turmeric is the traditional yellow colored root belonging to the family of ginger. Commonly used as herb and spice worldwide, its properties make it smell poignant and strong in flavor which is a little bitter, hot and earthy in taste. ... This golden spice is inborn to India and South East Asia.

Turmeric powder has a warm, bitter, black pepper-like flavor and earthy, mustard-like aroma.

For good sleep and boosting immunity, mix a pinch of turmeric with hot milk at night. 

White Urad Dal is a whole or split urad with its skin removed. These lentils are creamy white in color and have a milder flavor than whole Black Urad Dal. It is very nutritious and rich in protein.    

White Urad dal is very easy and quick to make and the addition of different tadkas makes this dal very flavorful and delicious.
 
Urad dal is very popular in Punjabi cuisine. In south India, urad dal is used as a seasoning with mustard seeds for curries and making various dishes such as Idli, Dosa, and Vada. White urad goes well with tandoori roti, Missi roti (Black chick peas flour roti) and Naan.  

This is urad split without shells. Often called white gram, these creamy white lentils are used in purees and soups. They are also the special ingredient added to flours to make breads, dosa (crepes), idlis (steamed cakes) and sweets.

Urid beans, also called urad beans, black gram beans, beluga lentils or black lentils, are the seeds of the Vigna mungo plant. These small black beans are a popular pulse, rich in protein and minerals. and valued for their rich, nutty taste and creamy texture.

Vanilla essence is extracted from vanilla beans and is used to flavor several desserts and dishes

Vermicelli is a traditional type of pasta round in section similar to spaghetti. In English-speaking regions it is usually thinner than spaghetti, while in Italy it is typically thicker. The term vermicelli is also used to describe various types of thin noodles from Asia.